This briefing note provides an overview on Mauritius, a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) in the Indian Ocean. The overall purpose is to provide a state-of-the-art review on the climate and resource-use challenges in Mauritius, and ongoing efforts to address some of these. The report begins by providing the big picture, or context of SIDS more generally, and the unique development, economic, and climate challenges they face. After a brief country background on Mauritius, the report details how climate change is impacting Mauritius’ critical resources such as water, energy, food, and infrastructure. The review ends with ongoing adaptation measures adopted by this small island nation.